Fig. 5

Collagen deposition between GM, TFL, VL and RF fibers in affected limb of HOA patients. a Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin staining in cross-sections. Yellow arrowheads indicate centrally nucleated fibers. Scale bars, 50 µm. b Frequency of centrally nucleated fibers. Note the logarithmic scale on the y axis. c Representative images of Picrosirius red staining. d Collagen content evaluated as the Picrosirius red-positive relative area. Scale bars, 50 µm. e Repeated-measures correlation between the Picrosirius red-positive relative area and adipocyte area in the skeletal muscle biopsies. Values from each patient are displayed in one color, with corresponding lines to show the repeated-measures correlation fit for each patient. b, d Data are presented as mean and standard deviation. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s post-hoc test (b, d) or repeated-measures correlation (e). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, **** p < 0.0001 compared to the GM. GM, gluteus minimus; HOA, hip osteoarthritis; RF, rectus femoris; TFL, tensor fascia latae; VL, vastus lateralis