Fig. 7

Heart failure increases tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. mRNA levels of the inflammatory-related genes TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the gastrocnemius muscle of C57BL/6J mice that were subjected to sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgeries for 14 weeks. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 10 samples in each group; *p = 0.04 vs sham