Fig. 3

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure increases atrophy-related gene expression in the gastrocnemius muscle. mRNA levels of the atrophic genes Atrogin1 and Murf1 in the gastrocnemius muscle after 14 weeks of sham or TAC surgeries. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 10 samples in each group. *p < 0.05 vs sham