Fig. 2
From: Muscle degeneration in aging Drosophila flies: the role of mechanical stress
Markers of spontaneous muscle degeneration in flies. A The loss of SDH staining in a degenerative DLM fiber. B-D The loss of F-actin (green) staining and reduced DNA (blue) staining in degenerative muscle fibers of IFM (B), TDT (C), and subalar (D) muscles. “TDT” and “s” mark positions of TDT and subalar muscles, respectively. Integrin staining (red) shows individual muscle fibers. E–G Dynamics of T-tubule (Dlg, red), F-actin (green), and DNA (blue) staining in degenerating TDT muscles. Note that loss of Dlg staining precedes disappearance of F-actin staining. Arrowhead indicates accumulation of Dlg in an internal vacuole; “X” marks degenerative muscle fibers; dashed line outlines degenerative fibers with no or incomplete loss of F-actin staining. H Changes in the DNA content of the myonuclei from degenerative fibers. Average intensities of DNA staining from micrographs of degenerating (Dlg-, F-actin +) TDT muscles was normalized by the signal from neighboring intact (Dlg + , F-actin +) muscle fibers. Multiple fibers from 10 flies have been analyzed in each category. Statistical significance by the Student’s t-test: (*) p < 0.05. Scale bars: 50 µm (A-D), 20 µm (E–G)