Fig. 4

Effect of Givinostat treatment on muscle fibrosis in mdx mice. Givinostat significantly reduces fibrosis in gastrocnemius (GAS), tibialis anterior (TA), and diaphragm (DIA) muscles of mdx mice. In the heart, the effect of Givinostat was not significant. Analysis was performed at T16 time point. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error (1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 vs vehicle; n = 5; wt: wild type) (A). Representative images of Sirius Red staining of GAS muscle transverse sections of naive wild type (wt), naive mdx, vehicle, Givinostat 1, 10, and 37.5 mg/kg treated mice (B)