Figure 1
From: Vascular-targeted therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
The two-hit hypothesis for myocyte damage and the proposed outcome of functional ischemia attenuation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). (A) The combined effects from functional ischemia due to reduced nitric oxide (NO)-mediated protection and greater cellular susceptibility to metabolic stress are necessary to produce the myofiber damage observed in DMD [17]. (B) Attenuating functional ischemia by administering a vascular targeted treatment can reduce the net-combined effect of both two-hit factors and consequently curtail myofiber damage.